Sanchez, R., Giddings, S. N., & Lemagie, E. (2025). The Limits of Ocean Forcing on the Exchange Flow of the Salish Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 130(5), e2025JC022384. https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JC022384

Wheeler, D. C., Giddings, S. N., Merrifield, M., & Pawlak, G. (2025). Infragravity Frequency Wave‐Driven Bottom Boundary Layer Turbulence in Shallow Estuaries. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 130(3), e2024JC021284. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JC021284

Kim, L. N., Meusel, C., Barker, R., Lockwood, B., Strudley, M., Behrens, D., Orescanin, M. M., Merrifield, M., Giddings, S. N., & Levy, M. C. (2025). Dynamics of Saltwater Intrusion Into Coastal Freshwaters in the California Central Coast. Water Resources Research, 61(3), e2024WR037141. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024WR037141

Gomez, B., Gallien, T., Giddings, S. N., Tang, B., & Whitcraft, C. (2025). Evaporation Impacts on Residence Time and Salinity Transport in a Low-Inflow Estuary. Estuaries and Coasts, 48(2), 37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-024-01470-4

Harding, K. J., Nagarkar, M., Wang, M., Ramsing, K., Anidjar, N., Giddings, S., Brahamsha, B., & Palenik, B. (2025). Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Synechococcus Clade II and Other Microbes in the Eutrophic Subtropical San Diego Bay. Environmental Microbiology, 27(2), e70043. https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.70043

Gomez, B., Giddings, S. N., & Gallien, T. (2024). Infragravity Wave Oscillation Forecasting in a Shallow Estuary. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 12(4), 672. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12040672

Skelton, Z. R., McCormick, L. R., Kwan, G. T., Lonthair, J., Neira, C., Clements, S. M., Martz, T. R., Bresnahan, P. J., Send, U., Giddings, S. N., Sevadjian, J. C., Jaeger, S., Feit, A., Frable, B. W., Zerofski, P. J., Torres, M., Crooks, J. A., McCullough, J., Carter, M. L., … Wegner, N. C. (2024). Organismal responses to deteriorating water quality during the historic 2020 red tide off Southern California. Elem Sci Anth, 12(1), 00067. https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2023.00067

Kastner, S. E., Pawlak, G., Giddings, S. N., Adelson, A. E., Collin, R., & Davis, K. A. (2024). The Influence of Caribbean Current Eddies on Coastal Circulation in the Southwest Caribbean Sea. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 54(10), 2119–2132. https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-24-0049.1

Collin, R., Adelson, A. E., Altieri, A. H., Clark, K. E., Davis, K., Giddings, S. N., Kastner, S., Mach, L., Pawlak, G., Sjögersten, S., Torres, M., & Scott, C. P. (2024). Using forty years of research to view Bahía Almirante on the Caribbean Coast of Panama as an integrated social-ecological system. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 306, 108878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2024.108878

Shipley, K., Martz, T., Hales, B., Giddings, S. N., & Andersson, A. (2023). Physical and Biological Controls on the Annual CO2 Cycle in Agua Hedionda Lagoon, Carlsbad, CA. Estuaries and Coasts. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-023-01283-x

Brasseale, E., Feddersen, F., Wu, X., Zimmer-Faust, A. G., & Giddings, S. N. (2023). Performance of a One-Dimensional Model of Wave-Driven Nearshore Alongshore Tracer Transport and Decay with Applications for Dry Weather Coastal Pollution. Environmental Science & Technology, 57(39), 14674–14683. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c08656

Byrne, S. M., Merrifield, M. A., Carter, M. L., Cayan, D. R., Flick, R. E., Gershunov, A., & Giddings, S. N. (2023). Southern California winter precipitation variability reflected in 100-year ocean salinity record. Communications Earth & Environment, 4(1), 143. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-00803-8

Kim, L. N., Brodie, K. L., Cohn, N. T., Giddings, S. N., & Merrifield, M. (2023). Observations of beach change and runup, and the performance of empirical runup parameterizations during large storm events. Coastal Engineering, 184, 104357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2023.104357

Kastner, S. E., Horner-Devine, A. R., Thomson, J. M., & Giddings, S. N. (2023). Observations of River Plume Mixing in the Surf Zone. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 53(3), 959–977. https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-21-0286.1

Wheeler, D. C., & Giddings, S. N. (2023). Measuring Turbulent Dissipation with Acoustic Doppler Velocimeters in the Presence of Large, Intermittent, Infragravity Frequency Bores. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 40(3), 285–304. https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-21-0144.1

Levin, L. A., Mendoza, G. F., Neira, C., Giddings, S. N., & Crooks, J. A. (2022). Consequences of Mouth Closure and Hypoxia-Induced State Changes in Low-Inflow Estuaries: Benthic Community and Trait-Based Response. Estuaries and Coasts. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-022-01132-3

Harvey, M. E., Giddings, S. N., Pawlak, G., & Crooks, J. A. (2022). Hydrodynamic Variability of an Intermittently Closed Estuary over Interannual, Seasonal, Fortnightly, and Tidal Timescales. Estuaries and Coasts. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-021-01014-0

Adelson, A. E., Altieri, A. H., Boza, X., Collin, R., Davis, K. A., Gaul, A., Giddings, S. N., Reed, V., & Pawlak, G. (2022). Seasonal hypoxia and temperature inversions in a tropical bay. Limnology and Oceanography, lno.12196. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.12196

Amador, A., Giddings, S. N., & Pawlak, G. (2022). ADCP-based estimates of lateral turbulent Reynolds stresses in wavy coastal environments. Limnology and Oceanography-Methods. https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10485

Clark, K. E., Bravo, V. D., Giddings, S. N., Davis, K. A., Pawlak, G., Torres, M. A., Adelson, A. E., Cesar-Avila, C. I., Boza, X., & Collin, R. (2022). Land use and land cover shape river water quality at a continental Caribbean land-ocean interface. Frontiers in Water, 4, 19. https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2022.737920

Rintoul, M. S., Courtney, T. A., Dohner, J. L., Giddings, S. N., Kekuewa, S. A. H., Mitarai, S., Monismith, S. G., Pezner, A. K., & Andersson, A. J. (2022). The Effects of Light Intensity and Flow Speed on Biogeochemical Variability Within a Fringing Coral Reef in Onna‐Son, Okinawa, Japan. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 127(12). https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JC018369

Lemagie, E. P., Giddings, S. N., MacCready, P., Seaton, C., & Wu, X. (2022). Measuring Estuarine Total Exchange Flow From Discrete Observations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 127(10). https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JC018960

Grimes, D. J., Feddersen, F., & Giddings, S. N. (2021). Long-distance/time surf-zone tracer evolution affected by inner-shelf tracer retention and recirculation. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 126(12), 22. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021jc017661

Wu, X. D., Feddersen, F., & Giddings, S. N. (2021). Automated temporal tracking of coherently evolving density fronts in numerical models. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 38(12), 2095–2108. https://doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-21-0072.1

Feddersen, F., Boehm, A. B., Giddings, S. N., Wu, X. D., & Liden, D. (2021). Modeling untreated wastewater evolution and swimmer illness for four wastewater infrastructure scenarios in the San Diego-Tijuana (US/MX) border region. Geohealth, 5(11), 20. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021gh000490

Arzeno-Soltero, I. B., Giddings, S. N., Pawlak, G., McClean, J. L., Wang, H., Rainville, L., & Lee, C. M. (2021). Generation of low-latitude seamount-trapped waves: A case study of the Seychelles Plateau. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 126(8), e2021JC017234. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JC017234

Wu, X. D., Feddersen, F., & Giddings, S. N. (2021). Diagnosing surfzone impacts on inner-shelf flow spatial variability using realistic model experiments with and without surface gravity waves. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 51(8), 2505–2515. https://doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-20-0324.1

Pendergraft, M. A., Grimes, D. J., Giddings, S. N., Feddersen, F., Beall, C. M., Lee, C., Santander, M. V., & Prather, K. A. (2021). Airborne transmission pathway for coastal water pollution. PeerJ, 9, e11358. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11358

Wu, X. D., Feddersen, F., & Giddings, S. N. (2021). Characteristics and dynamics of density fronts over the inner to midshelf under weak wind conditions. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 51(3), 789–808. https://doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-20-0162.1

Castillo-Trujillo, A. C., Arzeno-Soltero, I. B., Giddings, S. N., Pawlak, G., McClean, J., & Rainville, L. (2021). Observations and modeling of ocean circulation in the Seychelles Plateau region. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 126(2), e2020JC016593. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JC016593

Pezner, A. K., Courtney, T. A., Page, H. N., Giddings, S. N., Beatty, C. M., DeGrandpre, M. D., & Andersson, A. J. (2021). Lateral, vertical, and temporal variability of seawater carbonate chemistry at Hog Reef, Bermuda. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.562267

Arzeno, I. B., Giddings, S. N., Pawlak, G., & Pinkel, R. (2020). Generation of quasi-biweekly Yanai waves in the equatorial Indian Ocean. Geophysical Research Letters, 47(16). https://doi.org/10.1029/2020gl088915

Wu, X., Feddersen, F., Giddings, S. N., Kumar, N., & Gopalakrishnan, G. (2020). Mechanisms of mid- to outer-shelf transport of shoreline-released tracers. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 50(7), 1813–1837. https://doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-19-0225.1

McKeon, M. A., Horner-Devine, A. R., & Giddings, S. N. (2020). Seasonal changes in structure and dynamics in an urbanized salt wedge estuary. Estuaries and Coasts. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-020-00788-z

Amador, A., Arzeno, I. B., Giddings, S. N., Merrifield, M. A., & Pawlak, G. (2020). Cross-shore structure of tidally-driven alongshore flow over rough bathymetry. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, n/a(n/a), e2020JC016264. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020jc016264

Grimes, D. J., Feddersen, F., Giddings, S. N., & Pawlak, G. (2020). Cross-shore deformation of a surfzone-released dye plume by an internal tide on the inner shelf. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 50(1), 35–54. https://doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-19-0046.1

Harvey, M. E., Giddings, S. N., Stein, E. D., Crooks, J. A., Whitcraft, C., Gallien, T., Largier, J. L., Tiefenthaler, L., Meltzer, H., Pawlak, G., Thorne, K., Johnston, K., Ambrose, R., Schroeter, S. C., Page, H. M., & Elwany, H. (2020). Effects of elevated sea levels and waves on Southern California estuaries during the 2015-2016 El Nino. Estuaries and Coasts. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-019-00676-1

Young, A. P., Flick, R. E., Gallien, T. W., Giddings, S. N., Guza, R. T., Harvey, M., Lenain, L., Ludka, B. C., Melville, W. K., & O’Reilly, W. C. (2018). Southern California coastal response to the 2015–2016 El Niño. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 123(11), 3069–3083. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JF004771

Arzeno, I. B., Collignon, A., Merrifield, M., Giddings, S. N., & Pawlak, G. (2018). An alongshore momentum budget over a fringing tropical fore-reef. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 123(11), 7839–7855. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jc014238

Koweek, D. A., Zimmerman, R. C., Hewett, K. M., Gaylord, B., Giddings, S. N., Nickols, K. J., Ruesink, J. L., Stachowicz, J. J., Takeshita, Y., & Caldeira, K. (2018). Expected limits on the ocean acidification buffering potential of a temperate seagrass meadow. Ecological Applications, 28(7), 1694–1714. https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1771

Rodriguez, A. R., Giddings, S. N., & Kumar, N. (2018). Impacts of nearshore wave-current interaction on transport and mixing of small-scale buoyant plumes. Geophysical Research Letters, 45(16), 8379–8389. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018gl078328

Paulsen, M. L., Andersson, A. J., Aluwihare, L., Cyronak, T., D’Angelo, S., Davidson, C., Elwany, H., Giddings, S. N., Page, H. N., Porrachia, M., & Schroeter, S. (2018). Temporal changes in seawater carbonate chemistry and carbon export from a Southern California estuary. Estuaries and Coasts, 41(4), 1050–1068. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-017-0345-8

Giddings, S. N., & MacCready, P. (2017). Reverse estuarine circulation due to local and remote wind forcing, enhanced by the presence of along-coast estuaries. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 122(12), 10184–10205. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jc012479

Centurioni, L. R., Hormann, V., Talley, L. D., Arzeno, I., Beal, L., Caruso, M., Conry, P., Echols, R., Fernando, H. J. S., Giddings, S. N., Gordon, A., Graber, H., Harcourt, R. R., Jayne, S. R., Jensen, T. G., Lee, C. M., Lermusiaux, P. F. J., L’Hegaret, P., Lucas, A. J., … Wang, H. (2017). Northern Arabian Sea Circulation Autonomous Research (NASCar): A research initiative based on autonomous sensors. Oceanography, 30(2), 74–87. https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2017.224

Parker MacCready, & Sarah N. Giddings. (2016). The Mechanical Energy Budget of a Regional Ocean Model. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 46(9), 2719–2733. https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-16-0086.1

Siedlecki, S. A., Banas, N. S., Davis, K. A., Giddings, S., Hickey, B. M., MacCready, P., Connolly, T., & Geier, S. (2015). Seasonal and interannual oxygen variability on the Washington and Oregon continental shelves. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 120(2), 608–633. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JC010254

Davis, K. A., Banas, N. S., Giddings, S. N., Siedlecki, S. A., MacCready, P., Lessard, E. J., Kudela, R. M., & Hickey, B. M. (2014). Estuary-enhanced upwelling of marine nutrients fuels coastal productivity in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 119(12), 8778–8799. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jc010248

Giddings, S. N., MacCready, P., Hickey, B. M., Banas, N. S., Davis, K. A., Siedlecki, S. A., Trainer, V. L., Kudela, R. M., Pelland, N. A., & Connolly, T. P. (2014). Hindcasts of potential harmful algal bloom transport pathways on the Pacific Northwest coast. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 119(4), 2439–2461. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JC009622

Giddings, S. N., Monismith, S. G., Fong, D. A., & Stacey, M. T. (2014). Using depth-normalized coordinates to examine mass transport residual circulation in estuaries with large tidal amplitude relative to the mean depth. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 44(1), 128–148. https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-12-0201.1

Giddings, S. N., Fong, D. A., & Monismith, S. G. (2011). Role of straining and advection in the intratidal evolution of stratification, vertical mixing, and longitudinal dispersion of a shallow, macrotidal, salt wedge estuary. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 116(C3), C03003. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006482